Autocrine regulation of glucose metabolism in pancreatic islets.

We evaluated the possible autocrine modulatory effect of insulin on glucose metabolism and glucose-induced insulin secretion in islets isolated from normal hamsters. We measured 14CO2 and 3H2O production from d-[U-14C]glucose and d-[5-3H]glucose, respectively, in islets incubated with 0.6, 3.3, 8.3, and 16.7 mM glucose alone or with 5 or 15 mU/ml insulin, anti-insulin guinea pig serum (1:500), 25 microM nifedipine, or 150 nM wortmannin. Insulin release was measured (radioimmunoassay) in islets incubated with 3.3 or 16.7 mM glucose with or without 75, 150, and 300 nM wortmannin. Insulin significantly enhanced 14CO2 and 3H2O production with 3.3 mM glucose but not with 0.6, 8.3, or 16.7 mM glucose. Addition of anti-insulin serum to the medium with 8.3 and 16.7 mM glucose decreased 14CO2 and 3H2O production significantly. A similar decrease was obtained in islets incubated with 8.3 and 16.7 mM glucose and wortmannin or nifedipine. This latter effect was reversed by adding 15 mU/ml insulin to the medium. Glucose metabolism was almost abolished when islets were incubated in a Ca2+-deprived medium, but this effect was not reversed by insulin. No changes were found in 14CO2 and 3H2O production by islets incubated with 3.3 mM glucose and anti-insulin serum, wortmannin, or nifedipine in the media. Addition of wortmannin significantly decreased insulin release induced by 16.7 mM glucose in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that insulin exerts a physiological autocrine stimulatory effect on glucose metabolism in intact islets as well as on glucose-induced insulin release. Such an effect, however, depends on the glucose concentration in the incubation medium.